Solitaires continue to be very popular and the newer versions of Windows also include a variety of these games. GameBoss. Patience Online spelen zonder download en zonder reclame. Use patience as an exercise to gain perspective, learn about yourself and others. Copy the code and you will see that the number of visitors to your web page will increase. Firstly, combat is all about timing and patience to wait for a window of attack. Spider Solitaire Classic. Most Action Games contain a climactic confrontation with a unique, stronger than average, and often monstrous enemy creature known colloquially as a "boss". While this seems more difficult, it is in fact easier to solve. com - 1 Suit Solitaire GameBoss. Sans Boss Fight (Snoopy Edition) by DarthVader210. Hieronder vind je alle Patience en Solitaire spellen gemaakt door Gameboss. However, it's harder than Yukon Solitaire, largely because it uses a stock. This game is simple, clear and has an infinite number of undo's. You can only combine cards with the same suit. Try to. And the most effective way to do this is to trigger something deep inside him. Mahjong Solitaire. Free Cell is een vorm van Patience welke altijd uit te spelen is. Spiderette is played with one 52-card deck of standard playing cards, all of the 52 cards are Hearts, the stock contains 24 cards. Omschrijving: GameBoss. Australian Solitaire is a popular card game played with a 52-card deck of standard playing cards. 🎲 Play. They have also created the following games: Mahjong Real Walkthrough. Take on the role of rising underworld star, Travis Baker (Michael Madsen), as you set your sights on becoming the new king of Rockay City. It is therefore easy and especially fun for beginners. Het is niet altijd mogelijk om het spel te winnen. com - Freecell BigSpider Solitaire can be played at three different levels of difficulty: Beginner, Intermediate, and Advanced. The Hearts and Diamonds cards are red, the Clubs and Spades cards are black. COVID-19 put an end to that but wasn’t powerful enough to keep a lifer like him down. Mahjong Classic is een Gratis Patience welke je gratis online kunt spelen. Lies of P features incredibly well-designed bosses that are challenging and require patience and skill to defeat. GameBoss. Maak het. Mahjong Real. com - Double Klondike Solitaire GameBoss. It has already been used several times. Spider Solitaire 2 Suits has a classic design and easy-to-follow gameplay. Gameboss. In the. While the game has advanced over the last 100 years, you can still find some original games to play. Gameboss added a 10-minute timer to this Freecell Classic game, so besides making sure all cards are on the correct foundation, you also need to make sure you will finish within ten minutes. To make it extra exciting we left out the undo function. Freecell Christmas from Gameboss has flexible and easy-to-understand gameplay. Solitaire, also known as Patience or Klondike Solitaire is the most popular card game in the world. Card Game Patience. GameBoss works with two payment systems: WebMoney (WMZ) and Yandex money. com - Freecell Big Spider Solitaire can be played at three different levels of difficulty: Beginner, Intermediate, and Advanced. Spider Solitaire is the #1 free card games solitaire! Discover the next evolution of the classic free spider solitaire with amazing graphics and ease of use. The page contains all solitaire games that developed by GameBoss. js contains the base game engine. Follow these steps to set up the game: Shuffle the deck. com - Mahjong RelaxThrough GameBoss. Players have no patience. A counter at the top left shows you how many tiles are left on the board and the number of open matches. Affile. View official. Empty piles can be filled with any card or an ordered set of cards. Video Game Bosses That Truly Test Your Patience. In totaal zijn er dus 15 strafpunten te halen tijdens een ronde. com - Double Klondike SolitaireGameboss. gameboss. Bookmark Spel. Met een verfijnde en klassieke uitstraling die wordt geaccentueerd door een houten achtergrond, biedt dit spel een nostalgische en serene spelervaring. Find and match tiles with similar images to remove them. Het is een kaartspel voor 1 persoon dus niet te verwarren met dubbel patience voor 2 personen. GameBoss. This game has a time limit, try to solve it before the time runs out. There is a clock that tracks how much time you spend playing the. In a Mahjong Solitaire game you have to clear the layout by pairing up free tiles. Play Freecell Big online for free at Patience. Web Solitaire Lof Games. com. The Freecell Big Gameboss rules also allow you to use the “undo” button as much as you please. Shadow of the Colossus is basically a game of nonstop boss battles, so it’s hard to pick one out of them all as a clear highlight. Klondike Solitaire is played with a traditional deck of cards from which the jokers have been removed. So you start at the bottom of the Pyramid. The. One of the most famous boss battles of all time is undoubtedly the Andrew Ryan boss in BioShock. Armor. comEnjoy the classic card game of solitaire with a twist in Klondike Solitaire. One closed card and one open card are on the second row. They want new things every day, every hour. Don't forget to check out all the other 36 games and all the. Office Kissing. With warnings of 10-hour waits to pay their last respects, people come prepared with snacks and folding chairsSolitaire Big is an immersive online version of the classic card game Solitaire, designed for a full-screen gaming experience. Casino Patience has an Undo button. Players who just want to relax and be entertained might enjoy this version. Freecell is a card game that belongs in the category of Solitaire games and is played by one player. On top of your screen, there are four free cells and four foundation cells. After your registration in the affiliate program promo-materials for more than 300 games, Russian descriptions, graphic material (icons and screenshots), partner links for games downloading, also banners and commercial module constructor (which can be placed on the. com - Freecell Solitaire TimeGame features. Website. The cards must be removed in order of rank, from King to Ace. With its user-friendly interface and smooth gameplay, this game by Gameboss is perfect for players who enjoy a larger display. You might expect a cat-themed solitaire game with such a name, but there aren’t many cats to find besides one cat in the background. Three Card Patience is perfect for solitaire players who love the original solitaire game but are looking for a free online card game that is a little bit harder to test their abilities on. Aristotle. Hacking down hordes of zombies is not only easy but a ton of. Lean back an play a round of Mahjong Relax. You can also copy the game URL or the direct link to share it with others. Cards with one point lower value can be placed beneath another card. Freecell Christmas. Beautiful and fun like the classic Windows. com, we want to make exceptional video games available to everybody. The holidays are the best time to relax…and play our online games! We made this wonderful Freecell game that will surely get you and your players in the mood for the holidays. First of. Maak het spel moeilijker door de menuoptie met 3 kaarten delen te kiezen of kies voor delen met 1 kaart om het juist makkelijker te maken. My Dear Boss. In 2 Suits, 54 cards of 2 suits are used. nl zijn we trots om een speciale selectie van hun beste Patience en Solitaire spellen te presenteren. Hope the game will bring a little joy into your daily life. As the name suggests, you are playing with a single suit. Summary: "Ozzie was pretty sure he had never been as goddamn, mind-alteringly horny as he currently was, and he had been alive for a pretty good while. Try to solve them all as quickly as possible in the least amount of moves. Naam: Dubbel Patience. Het spel is bedacht door Paul Alfille en is een aanpassing op een ouder spel. 7) Increases Stamina recovery speed Dropped by large enemy patrolling burning Black Rabbit Brotherhood sign in waterlogged square of Malum District Technique Amulet (1. To get a good understanding of Freecell, we will start by looking at the layout comprising the following three parts: The “ tableau ”: this is the part where 52 (shuffled) cards are arranged face up. Naam: Patience. 88% (782) Patience Pigeon. We named this game Freecell Classic because of the beautiful wood carvings and old-fashioned playing cards. He made the video in response to the outbreak. This game has been played 28517 times. The descending foundations. Select one of three levels to start the game. Gratis Patience Klondike Spelen. Introduction to Australian Patience. com is a casual video game company that primarily develops HTML5 games. Elden Ring (2022; PC, PlayStation 4, PlayStation 5, Xbox One, Xbox Series S/X) We’re adding a new item to the list of certainties in life: After “death” and. The game can be played with one, two, or four suits. Thank you for always being patient while I ask questions to clarify my understanding. 0 3 1276 Spider Solitaire. Together, Ornstein and Smough create an overwhelming and deadly duo that's sure to test the patience of players who face them. 000, and it’s up to you how much you want to bet per game. Ben je op zoek naar een leuk spelletje Freecell zonder al te veel gedoe? Dan is Freecell Blue van Gameboss de perfecte titel voor jou. Known to many as the king of all solitaire games, the Spider Solitaire card game is a classic. com - Klondike Solitaire GameBoss. The game is developed by GameBoss. Stack cards of the SAME suit in descending order in the tableau. You win when all 52 cards are on the foundation staples within the time limit. Your goal is to put all the cards in the foundation cells. Spider Solitaire Big is a one-of-a-kind game with oversized cards and a hint button. This online version of the classic card game Hearts was made by me. While most Patience rules are for 1 player, there are a few. A boss found in the most spoilerific part of Dark Souls 3. The player can use the drag and drop function but there is also the possibility to click or tap the cards, this will move them automatically to the correct position. Several of its members provide thrilling boss battles, including the Fury, the End, and the Boss herself. com. A simple yet nice version of Spider Solitaire. Freecell Classic Gameboss speel je precies het zelfde als alle andere vormen van Free cell. PUBLISH OUR HTML5 GAMES. com - 1 Suit Solitaire Bookmark Spel. So prepare for an immersive and intensive experience by the REAL RAGE!Why not try out this exciting online version of the classic card game? Can you match up all of the cards before you run out of time?Mahjong Real is created by Gameboss. com - Freecell SolitaireSolitaire FRVR. GameBoss. Most modern games have unlimited undo’s but in this classic version of Spider Solitaire, the player can only go 1 step back by using the undo button, making this a real brain teaser. Many solitaire enthusiasts argue that the pinnacle of this game was the. Making sure classrooms are safe and tidy. If the answer is YES, you have to play this game! You have to use all of your skills, reflex, patience, agility to complete the stages, and defeat the boss. Cannot be re-equipped. Freecell Blue. An Aces Up Solitaire game starts with four open-faced cards in the Tableau and the remaining 48 cards on the Stockpile. Crescent Solitaire is a fairly simple solitaire game, but still has some features that set it apart from other solitaires, like an unusually high number of piles, being played with two whole decks, and a shuffling function. The game objective is to move all cards from the Tableau and Stockpile to the Foundation. Scorpion. Gameboss. com ranked by keyword and audience similarity for free with one click hereFinal Boss - Temple of Belenus. FreeCell is a solitaire game that was made popular by Microsoft in the 1990s. Malenia, Blade of Miquella. com games are fun and free, suitable for players of all ages!This puzzle game is for Spider Solitaire lovers who are seeking to take their Spider Solitaire skills to the next level. Enjoy this brand new Freecell game which offers SEVEN freecell variations, including the most popular classic freecell!Bubble Shooter Classic is created by Gameboss. Headquarters. com. They want new stuff every day, every hour. You can use the cards from the Stockpile to get more open-faced cards, and there is an Undo button. New Game Plus returns in the sequel to Dark Souls, and to put things simply it's a mode that provides you with an even stiffer Drangleic challenge once you've completed the game on its default. Do you love playing Freecell, but find the cards too small to see? Then you will enjoy Freecell Big, a fun and challenging solitaire game with large cards and smooth graphics. With Patience, the goal is to arrange the cards systematically. Klondike Solitaire is also HTML5 games that be played on a mobile phone, tablet, and computer. The goal, the rules, and the scoring are all the same as for Solitaire Turn 3. Easily play Double Klondike Solitaire on the web browser without downloading. The game implies fighting other players, farming for items, etc. supercomputer known as. Double Klondike Solitaire is played with two decks of cards. Play 15+ solitaire games including Klondike, Pyramid, Golf,. com - Freecell SolitaireGameboss. com - Spider Solitaire BlueTeacher assistant responsibilities include: Helping teachers create lesson plans. 1 1 1384 Spider Solitaire. Patience is the first recorded name for Solitaire card games in both American and British sources and this name is still regularly used for the game in Europe. Crescent Solitaire Rules. Read more . Your goal is to remove all mahjong tiles from the screen. You can move cards by clicking on them or using the drag and drop method. Going back into the devtools again, let’s switch to the debugger and inspect the source code for main-html. GameBoss. I'm playing the game Cyber Shadow and Hollow Knight, these are games that clearly reward you learning boss attack patterns and mere patience will net you wins almost every time when you learn said pattern. com - Double Klondike SolitaireGameBoss. Foundations: Should be built from Ace to King (by cards sharing the same suit) The top. nl Klondike spel is speciaal door ons. Mahjong Slide. GameBoss. This game is sometimes called Spiderette or Spiderwort, but it’s always a challenge that will puzzle your brain for hours of endless fun!Spider Solitaire. Lord Kazzak cast a debuff that healed him for 25,000 HP every time it damaged a player. Klondike Solitaire Gameboss GameBoss. When the game starts, 8 empty foundations will appear in the middle of the screen. While Tripeaks Solitaire is a simple game to learn, it's not so simple to beat. com - Spider Solitaire Time - Patience. “Patience is the calm acceptance that things can happen in a different order than the one you have in mind. Hacking down hordes of zombies is not only easy but a ton of fun as well. Mahjong Classic Gratis spelen zonder reclames. Follow these steps to set up the game: Shuffle the deck. Platform Web browser (desktop and mobile) Controls Left mouse buttonCan you make it to the top of this pyramid? Clear the cards from the deck as fast as you can in this exciting version of the classic game. GameBoss. In the solo roguelike campaign you'll employ strategy and firepower to carry out cunning heists and claim turf from rival gang leaders, all while trying to evade capture by the tenacious Sheriff Norris. com - Klondike Solitaire4 Spamton NEO. Can you correctly match up all of the cards in this online card game? Earn lots of virtual cash while you try to complete each one of the decks. com - Klondike Solitaire 13. GameBoss. 89% (619) Patience Photography. This traditional version of Mahjong Titans comes with an interesting back story. PATIENCE definition: If you have patience , you are able to stay calm and not get annoyed , for example when. Hartenjagen, eens wat anders dan een Patience spel. Windows XP was released in 2001 and had Patience Windows XP directly available. 247 Freecell is your one stop hub for the best in Freecell gaming. Speel nederlands hartenjagen tegen de computer. We wish you a Merry Christmas!Patience Windows XP is the most famous and most played Patience game ever. Patience is one of the first solitaire games and is the earliest recorded name for this type of card game. đźš« You can’t move these cards here. Play Spider (One Suit) Solitaire online, right in your browser. Gameboss. One Card One Pass Patience. You can pair identical suits or the same ranks. - Saadi Shirazi. Goronado (The Companion, NOT the boss) Ok, Now that I have talked about the Boss counter-part, I feel it's only fair to discuss his more favorable side, when KingsIsle's Answer to "Hulk" fights FOR you rather than AGAINST you. com - Klondike Solitaire HOW PRIVACY CONTACT Double Klondike Solitaire This game is played according to the Klondike Solitaire rules, but then with twice as many cards. Game features. You can play in three different modes: draw one, draw three, or Vegas style. ) Perception -. The name seems to refer to Flambe, a 2D game engine written in Haxe that deploys to HTML5. New game Hint 0 Undo Hint 0 UndoAre you ready for a good rage game? If the answer is YES, you have to play this game! You have to use all of your skills, reflex, patience, agility to complete the stages, and defeat the boss. You can exchange Lies of P boss weapons by talking to an NPC named Alidoro. Het Patiencespel is de eerste van een reeks exclusieve online games. com - Freecell Solitaire GameBoss. Scorpion Solitaire uses 52 cards. At the beginning of Scorpion Solitaire,49 cards are dealt in seven columns that form the Tableau. Each row after that has one more closed card on top of it. Instructions: This is an extra relaxed version of Mahjong, where there is no time limit, no restriction on the number of times you can use the Hint button, and you can also shuffle the board whenever you want. Easily play Klondike Solitaire on the web browser without downloading. 7 million monthly players and rising! Everyone loves games and we are creating them! You too can publish our games on your website entirely free of charge. Double Solitaire Turn 3 is played with two 52-card decks of standard playing cards. This page contains a list of characters for Undertale, including names, actors, voice actors, and bios, images and video for eachPatience Klondike is the most popular Solitaire game. Dallas Cowboys WATCH: Dak Prescott to Brandin Cooks for Thanksgiving TD - NFL TrackerPatience Bass. com - Double Klondike SolitaireGameBoss. Each next column has an extra closed card while the bottom card stays open-faced. PEG Solitaire. com - Mahjong ClassicPlayers have no patience. 3 2 1261 Spider Solitaire. Gameboss. You need to make four sequences that start with an Ace and end with a King in the Foundation to win Patience. While not a first-person shooter in the traditional sense, the original Portal was an amazing puzzle-action game whose out-of-the-box thinking and quirky nature made it a lot easier to make a good boss fight out of, culminating in an excellent (and hilarious) final battle against the evil A. The Easter Road boss was. The objective of the game is to place all your domino tiles on the playing field by matching the numbers on the tiles with the numbers already played. All the cards are flipped over from the start and you get four storage areas to temporarily place the cards that get in your way! Freecell Solitaire - A Freecell game with the original Windows game numbers. Dallas Cowboys WATCH: Dak Prescott to Brandin Cooks for Thanksgiving TD - NFL TrackerDefeating it requires patience and above all accurate timing to dodge its powerful attacks. Unlike other RPGs, every single fight in this game is an experience due to the bullet hell. “Patience is not simply the ability to wait – it’s how we behave while we’re waiting. GameBoss. GameBoss. While the game has advanced over the last 100 years, you can still find some original games to play. After your registration in the affiliate program promo-materials for more than 300 games, Russian descriptions, graphic material (icons and screenshots), partner links for games downloading, also banners and commercial module constructor (which can be placed on the. . com - Mahjong Cards672 votes, 170 comments. Gameboss creates high quality casual games. Both his ego and his decency outstrip his competence, however. The Foundation will ultimately contain all 104 cards, sorted by colour and in order from King to Ace, arranged in 8 stacks. The Blizzard president went on to reveal that the company is open to creating different experiences for players, ones that don't necessarily rely on the live service model. In the boss battle with Papyrus, he will capture the player if they lose their hit points rather than kill them. Undertale is known for its subversion of typical RPG gameplay and storytelling tropes. Hier kan elke liefhebber direct genieten van gratis spellen, zonder het gedoe van downloads of. Solitaire- en patiencespellen zijn kaartspellen die door Ă©Ă©n persoon gespeeld kunnen worden. 3D Mahjong. com - Freecell BlueGameBoss. In the June 1968 edition of Scientific American Martin Gardner described in his "Mathematical Games" column, a game by C. com games are fun and free, suitable for players of all ages!Double Klondike Solitaire by Gameboss is a simple Klondike Solitaire game with a few options. Patience and dedication. It’s that. GameBoss. Mahjong Cards Play mahjong with images of real playing cards. The last place that one would look at when the topic of conversation drifts towards easy bosses in video games is the Soulsborne series. Green Felt solitaire games feature innovative game-play features and a friendly, competitive community. js. The tableau piles are built down by alternate colors. While Tripeaks Solitaire is a simple game to learn, it's not so simple to beat. More Games. #6 Thank you so much for your time, expertise, and patience. 25 WEAK: Witch Of Hemwick (Bloodborne) via bloodborne. We’re trying to react that way while holding the Blizzard quality bar high. 1 card will be dealt to the discard pile on the left of the foundations, and. We have kept the design of the Bubble Shooter game Particles simple, so that players can focus on what really matters: shooting bubbles!The Foundation will ultimately contain all 104 cards, sorted by colour and in order from King to Ace, arranged in 8 stacks. Gameboss. Set against a wooden background with realistic. Our home page features the easiest and most popular solitaire game around, One Card Spring Klondike Solitaire! To win this game, place all the cards from the board into the four upper slots, in accordance to their suit, from Ace to King. | Meaning, pronunciation, translations and examplesThe walk probably took an hour or more, but their patience paid off once Kazzak reached the walls of Stormwind. . Bij Nederlands hartenjagen zijn alle harten 1 strafpunt. One-player Australian Patience is played with a standard international pack of 52 cards, each suit ranking from high to low K-Q-J-10-9-8-7-6-5-4-3-2-A. Spider Solitaire. With some experience under your belt, you can challenge yourself with 2 or 4 Suits Spider Solitaire. ”. Players can enjoy this content during the event season and they will be able to accumulate points each time they clear a stage. 8: Aldrich, Devourer of Gods – Dark Souls 3. The top card of each pile is available for play on the foundations. Klondike Solitaire GamebossFreecell Solitaire Time. Bei uns auf Solitaired. com maakt altijd de beste games voor ons en ook deze versie van Patience is weer een echte topper met lekkere grote speelkaarten en een mooi design. FreeCell Grand has an unlimited undo function. Apart from learning to be patient and to concentrate, through this activity, children develop their fine motor skills and train hand skills. Patience Gittersteigen Meme Memes Latticeclimbing Lego Modellbau Tower Towerclimber. One of the features is that the game keeps track of the players best time so they can track their improvement. Place. com - Klondike Solitaire Freecell Solitaire Time. com - Spider Solitaire BigGameboss. Row three consists of two closed cards and one open card. Revenue <$5M. For that reason, we have created a version with large legible cards. It is fun. This Spider Solitaire game is played with large clear cards and comes with the handy hint button. Arkadium Spider Solitaire - If you have ten minutes to spare and you are bored, try playing Arkadium Spider Solitaire. That might seem more difficult than the original game, but it isn't! Because the normal game only has four cells where you can put the cards, while this one has eight, everything is a lot simpler and this game is the ultimate variant for beginners. View Company Info for Free. A lot of the time, the hardest boss in a game isn’t one you have to beat, instead being tucked away as something optional or secret for players up to the challenge, such as with. There are three levels. com - 1 Suit SolitaireFreecell Blue. Welkom bij Patience Windows, een online reproductie van het klassieke kaartspel zoals het ooit verscheen op Windows XP. Asked how the Microsoft acquisition might change. Patience. On this website, you can play the classic version: Klondike Solitaire. Think ahead, improve your strategy, and become a Solitaire master! Play this classic game to unwind, relax, or simply kill some time when you feel bored and tired. 2 Nameless King – Dark Souls 3. The game starts with 28 cards that are spread over seven columns. Quick Instructions Josephine Solitaire Type: Forty Thieves Winning Statistics: 1 in 6 (About 16%) Goal: Move all of the cards to the foundations Josephine Solitaire is identical to Forty Thieves, except for the ability to move ordered sets of cards Foundations:. Patience is one of the first solitaire games and is the earliest recorded name for this type of card game. Solitaires are great games to train your patience and attention. GameBoss. com - Spider Solitaire 2 Suits - Patience. Sans Boss Fight Yeh by cs2410026. This game has even become so popular over time that most people simply call it “Solitaire”, without the “Klondike”. October 25, 2019. I used to play Hearts a lot when I was younger, it was one of the games that came with every. If you like this teacher assistant job. Klondike Solitaire is a online Solitaire Game you can play for free in full screen at KBH Games. Klondike Solitaire - GameBoss. com - Klondike Windows XPBubble Shooter Classic. Unlike the other Patience Soliatire games that have been played on Card Game. A challenging spider solitaire game, play with either one, two or four suits. These points can be exchanged for limited-time rewards in the shop. For this purpose, you must arrange all cards in the tableau in descending order in the same suit, from King to Ace. Here's an overview of all our HTML5 games that you can publish on your site, totally free! Do you want to know more? GameBoss. spider. comMahjong Cards. Play Spider Solitaire - one of the most popular solitaire included with Windows. 8 for Windows 11, 10, 8, 7, and XP is a high-class collection of 560 games. “Patience is bitter, but its fruit is sweet. The Stockpile on the top of your screen consists of the remaining three cards. 54 cards are divided over ten piles on top of your screen, with the lowest rows of cards open-face. There are 4 suits of cards. Spider Solitaire is one of the most popular card games in the world! Now available to play free for iPad or iPhone from MobilityWare, the ORIGINAL maker of Spider Solitaire with Daily Challenges. The playing area is made up of three distinct areas: the tableau, the ascending foundations, and the descending foundations. Out of all Spider Solitaire games, the 2 Suits version is the most popular. Most online games are written in the HTML5 programming language. The game is suitable for both beginners and more advanced players. Once you find him, he eerily preaches his monologue to you, revealing much of the truth of Jack’s origins. The Door Guardian is a unique boss fight that requires players to aim for a. Terry Paton's Solitaire 3 - We carefully designed a fresh solitaire free modern look, woven into the wonderful solitaire classic feel that everyone. com - Spider Solitaire Classic FREECELL. Besides playing the original game, you can also read up on. Cat Solitaire is a minimalistic and challenging game from CMC Online that is available to play for free on this page. com. We don't see reality as it is, we only see our perception of reality. One of a kind. Klondike Solitaire is another fantastic title from FRVR. wikia. This classic patience. Retail General Retail Gameboss's. com können Sie neben dem klassischen Solitär, oder auch Patience oder Klondike, 50 weitere Solitär-Versionen oder solitärähnliche Spiele direkt online spielen. An overview of the most played solitaire games which you can play instant for free. (Keep in mind, unlike W101, completing these quests,. Let's look at these in more detail: 1.